ТРИПТИХ О РОМАНЕ ЯКОБСОНЕ
Аннотация
Проясняются интеллектуальные предпосылки структуралистского метода Р. О. Якобсона и его интереса к Византии. Показано, что на метод диалектического рассмотрения понятий в их развитии и взаимопревращении повлияли идеи П. A. Флоренского, на понимание символов в искусстве – теория философских истоков иконоборчества и иконопочитания Г. А. Острогорского, утверждавшего, что для иконопочитателей икона являет собой и сходство с Первообразом, и отличие от него. Такой подход обогащает диалектическое понимание искусства вообще, к которому стремился Якобсон, и структуралистского метода в частности. Однако в исследовательской литературе параллели во взглядах Якобсона и Флоренского не получили должного освещения (несмотря на то, что работа Якобсона «Что такое поэзия?» не раз попадала в центр внимания). В заключительной части статьи обсуждается влияние византинизма Н. С. Трубецкого на понимание Византии в целом у Якобсона, а также влияние идей Якобсона и Гуссерля на теорию русской грамматики Б. А. Успенского. В заключительной части привлекается внимание к заметке Якобсона о средневековом славянском памятнике, посвященном отображению в слове и речи троичности Божией, и указываются неизвестные ученому византийские параллели к такой трактовке.
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